Brick-kiln.



R. W. PAYNE.

BRICK KILN.

APPLICATION FILED FEB- 5. l9l6.

Patenfsed May16, 1916.

2 SHEETS-SHEET I.

Attorneys 'n-u: cox-unmm Puuqmmpn co., WASHINGTON. n. d;

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y m w ...,0 W m I II m Mi mm. A fill i ll! I! W4 P N m h-hhl j. #33 w 1 H1 a 3 M 8 w z 1 m 1 m A UNITED F CE ROBERT PAYNE, QF DRAKES BRANCI-I, VIRGINIA.

BRICK-K ILN.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented. May 16, 1916.

Application filed February 5,1916. Serial No. 76,415.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, Bonner W. PAYNE, a citizen of the United States, residing at Drakes Branch, in the county of Charlotte and State of Virginia, have invented a new and useful Brick-Kiln, of which the following is a specification.

This invention appertains to brick kilns, and aims to provide a brick kiln wherein the upper courses or layers of green bricks are laid in a novel manner, whereby the gases or products of combustion can be controlled and directed throughout the kiln so that a greater percentage of hard bricks can be burned than ordinarily, and with a con' siderable saving of fuel, and whereby there are provided within the upper courses of the bricks, fuel chambers for containing coal or equivalent fuel which will be ignited after the main supply of fuel at the base of the kiln has been burning for a period of time in order that the auxiliary supplies ofifuel within the upper courses of brick in being ignited will thoroughly and effectively fire saidv bricks, there being novel means for maintaining the circulation of the gases upwardly through the upper courses of the bricks. I I Another feature'ofthe invention resides in. the fact that the outlet of the products of combustionto the atmosphere can be controlled, or confined to various portions of the top of the kiln, whereby after certainportions of the. bricks have been fired sufficiently, the products of combustion can be constrained, to pass to the other points in order that the remaining unfired bricks. can be properly completed. c The invention also includes means for. effecting a closure aroundthe upper courses of bricks, to prevent the escape of theprodnets of combustion adjacent the walls of the kiln when the bricks contract. v With the foregoing and other objects vin view which will'appear as the description proceeds, the invention resides in the combination and arrangement of parts and in the details of construction hereinafter described and claimed, it being understood that changes in the precise embodiment of the invention herein disclosed canbe made within the scope of what is claimed without departing from the spirit of the invention.

The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein Figure 1 a vertical transverse section of a brick kiln embodying the present im-* provements. Fig. 2' is a plan view'of the kiln. Fig. 3 j is a fragmental perspective view of the uppercourses of bricks. I

In the drawings, there is illustrated the walls. 1 of the kiln, which are built up as usual to surround the bricks. The walls are rectangular in plan, and in practice are built much larger in proportion than, illustrated in Fig. 2, so that it is to be'understoodthat a much larger quantity of bricks can be fired simultaneously than as illustrated. Thebricks are built up within the walls 1 in the ordinary manner up to the line 2, from which point up, the courses or layers are arranged in accordance with the present invention. c

In carrying out the invention, a course or layer of header bricks 3 is laid longitudii nally upon the last course of bricks in a flat position, and adjacent the walls 1 and at an intermediatepoint, the flat headers 3 are spaced apart to provide lines or openings'et. Between the sets of flues l, the bricks 3 are laid tightly together for supporting small coal or equivalent fuel C and for controlling thedraft throughout the kiln. Laidupon the flat headers 3 at right angles therewith is a course or layer 'of stringer bricks 5 which are arranged in transverse rows spaced apart to provide elongated chambers 6 passing over the flues 4t and within which the fuel C isdisposed. municate with the chambers 6.} Next, there 'arejlaid'upon the stringers 5itwo superposed courses; of header bricks 7 parallel with the'headers 3 and at right angles with the stringers 5, the bricks 7 being arranged in rows providing elongated flues 8 therebetween-leadingupwardly from and arranged at right angles with thechambers 6, so that the flues 8 extend across all of the combustion chambers 6. The-next super-incumbent layer of bricks 9 are stringers laid upon the upper course of headers 7 at right angles The. flues 4 com therewith andarranged in spaced rows providing.elongated 'flues 10 crossing and arranged atrightangles with the fines 8 and leading -upwardly therefrom. Upon the course of stringers 9 islaiol a course or layer theflues 12 arelaidjtightly together for supof flat header? bricks 11, similar to the porting small coal or other-equivalent fuel??? G and for further controlling the draft g through the kiln. superposed courses or layers of stringer bricks 13 are seated upon the course of headers 11, the stringers 13 being disposed at right angles with the headers 11 and in spaced rows having elongated combustion chambers 14' therebetween above and parallel with the underlying chambers 6, said chambers 14 containing the coal which is supported by the headers 11. Upon the stringers 13 is laid a course or layer of header bricks 15 at right angles with the stringers l3 and arranged in spaced parallel rows' having the elongated lines 16 therebetween and leading upwardly from and eX- tending across the chambers 14. Finally, there are laid upon theoheaders 15 three superposed courses or layers of platting bricks 19, which are laid flat upon the headers 15 andupon one another over the entire area of the kiln. T he lower course of platting bricks 19 is arranged in transverse rows, the bricks being in abutment, end to end, and the rows being spaced apart to provide fiues 19' extending across the fines 16 and leading'upwardly therefrom. The two upper courses of bricks 19 are in staggered relation, in order that the crevices between the bricks will be closed, the lower course of bricks 19 showing as stringers Fig. 1, while the two upper courses show as headers. It is preferable to provide two rows of bricks 17 upon the opposite ends of the'lower course of stringers 13 and spaced from the opposite ends of the course of stringers 13 to provide passages 18 extending across and connecting the ends of the chambers 14, the bricks 17 also supporting the end headers 15. The two upper courses of bricks 19 are so laid'as to provide an elongated longitudinal ventilator opening or outlet 20 midway between the opposite sides of'the kiln and extending from one end of the kiln to the other'at right angles with the chambers 14. The ends or any other portions, or the complete opening 20, can be closed by bricks 21 laid upon the bricks 19. At the opposite sides of the ventilator opening 20, the upper courses of bricks 19 are laid to provide at suitable points throughout the area of the opposite portions of the kiln,'ventilator openings 22 extending upwardly from the flues 16 and 19.

In order to effect a tight joint between the upper portions of the Walls 1 and the bricks, to prevent the escape of the products of combustion therebetween, the walls 1 'are'provided at the upper edges thereof and around the bricks, with a continuous'angular recess 23 in which is seated an inwardly inclined closure 24, built up from bricks or constructed in any other suitable manner, and having its lower edge seated in the recess 23 and its upper edge bearing against the lower course of platting bricks 19. A filling 25 of sand or equivalent material is provided between the closure 24 and upright walls of the recess 23 to more thoroughly prevent the escape of the products of combustion, and to assist in pressing the closure 24 inwardly to hold it tightly against the bricks when the bricks contract after being fired. This will prevent the escape of the gases, it being well known that when the bricks are fired, they first expand and subsequently contract. It is this contraction that is apt to let the products of combustion escape adjacent the walls of the kiln, but with the present arrangement, this difficulty is eliminated.

The brick or checker-work can be readily built up, the coal or fuel C being disposed therein as the courses are laid one upon the is fired from below other. When the kiln in the ordinary manner, the products of combustion pass upwardly through the lower courses of bricks as usual, to the flues 4. The products of combustion then pass upwardly through the fines 4 into the chambers 6, thence upwardly through the fiues 8 into the fines l0 and 12, and thence into and through the chambers 14. From the chambers 14, the gases pass upwardly through the openings 20 and The headers 3 and 11 being laid tightly together between the re-- spective fiues or openings 4 and 12 can support the coal C properly, and the products of combustion which pass hindered in their upward movement by the coal 0. Due to the right angled arrange ment of the fines, the products of combustion in' passing upwardly are distributed throughout the area all of the bricks will be subjected to the firing action, and after the firing of the kiln has continued for a period of time, the coal C will become ignited, and this will serve to fines 16 and out the Ventilator upwardly are not 1 of the kiln, whereby thoroughly fire the upper courses of bricks,

which could not be accomplished by depending upon the firing of the bricks from below, as ordinarily done. As a consequence, the kiln can be builtup to a greater height, and the capacity of the kiln is increased considerably.

The kiln has superposed combustion chambers at different points between the horizontal courses of bricks, whereby the coal or ignited from below, the burning of the fuel below the superposed fuel serving to ignite the latter. If the firing of the bricks at the top throughout various portions of the kiln fuel within said chambers will be is not uniform, so that the bricks at certain points at the top of the kiln are completed before the others, the nearest or adjacent ventilator openings 2022 are closed up by bricks or other closures laid thereover, and this constrains the products of combustion to pass through the remaining ventilator openings, resulting in the products of combustion being directed toward those bricks which are not completed and hastening the completion of the remaining bricks which are not thoroughly fired.

Having thus described the invention,what is claimed as new is:

1. A kiln having walls, and bricks laid upon one another and surrounded by said walls, the bricks having combustion chambers therein and flues connecting them and leading upwardly, the upper portions of the walls having a recess, an inwardly inclined closure seated in said recess and having its upper edge bearing against the bricks to move inwardly therewith when they contract, and a granular filling between said closure and outer wall of said recess.

2. A built brick kiln having a course of bricks which are spaced apart at certain points to provide fines and which are fitted tightly together between said flues for supporting fuel, a course of bricks laid upon the aforesaid course and arranged in spaced rows providing combustion chambers for holding the fuel and communicating with said flues, and a course of bricks laid upon the secondmentioned course and embodying spaced parallel rows providing flues leading upwardly from said chambers.

3. A built up brick kiln embodying a course of bricks laid fiat and spaced apart at certain points to provide flues and fitted tightly together between said flues for supporting fuel thereon, a course of bricks laid Copies upon the aforesaid course at right angles therewith and arranged in spaced parallel rows having elongated combustion chambers therebetween for holding said fuel and with which said flues communicate, and a course of bricks laid upon the second mentioned course at right angles therewith and arranged in spaced parallel rows having elongated flues extending across and leading upwardly from said chambers.

at. A built brick kiln bricks which are spaced apart at certain points to provide fines and which are fitted tightly together between said flues for supporting fuel, a course of bricks laid upon the aforesaid course and arranged in spaced rows providing combustion chambers for holding the fuel and communicating with said flues, a course of bricks laid upon the second mentioned course and embodying spaced parallel rows providing flues leading upwardly from said chambers, and bricks above the third mentioned course and having throughout the area of the kiln ventilator openings with which the last mentioned flues communicate, said openings being adapted to be closed for controlling the outlet of the products of combustion.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own, I have hereto aflixed my signature in the presence of two witnesses.

' ROBERT W. PAYNE.

Witnesses:

W. H. Pn'r'rns, Jr., S. PIERCE LOVING.

by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. 0."

having a course of H 

